Loss of opportunity and the role of the judge: fundamental clarifications from the Plenary Assembly of the Court of Cassation

Judgments of the Plenary Assembly of the Court of Cassation of 27 June 2025 (appeals nos. 22-21.146 and 22-21.812) The Court of Cassation, sitting in plenary session on 27 June 2025, handed down two important decisions (appeals nos. 22-21.146 and 22-21.812), providing decisive clarification on the concept of loss of opportunity and the scope of …

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Tortious nature of direct action brought by the sub-purchaser against the manufacturer

In two rulings of 28 May 2025 (No. 23-13.687 and No. 23-20.341), the First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation clarified the legal classification applicable under European private international Law to direct action by the sub-purchaser against the manufacturer of a defective product, affirming the tortious nature of this action in accordance with the Rome II Regulation (No. 864/2007).

Maritime transport: clarification on the carrier’s unit of limitation of liability

Court of Cassation, Commercial, Financial and Economic Chamber, 21 May 2025, appeal no. 24-11.519 This decision of the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation rules on the criteria determining the unit of freight applicable for the limitation of liability of the maritime carrier under the 1924 Brussels Convention. Background and facts The Senegalese company …

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A creditor cannot request the appointment of a provisional administrator for its debtor

Cass. com., 7 May 2025, No. 23-20.471 According to the Court of Cassation, a creditor of a company does not have the right to request the appointment of a provisional administrator for that company. The facts Two foreign companies, The Family Fellowship LLP and The Family Global Godfathers SPC, claimed to be creditors of the …

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Jurisdiction clause in the Terms of Use: no French mandatory law for Meta

Cass. 1st civ., 2 April 2025, no. 23-12.384 In a ruling dated 2 April 2025, the Court of Cassation confirmed the effectiveness of a jurisdiction clause included in the terms and conditions of use (TCU) of a professional Instagram account. The Court of Cassation dismissed Article 1171 of the Civil Code, a French protective provision …

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UberPop and unfair competition: the Court of Cassation limits compensation for economic damage

In a ruling dated 9 April 2025 (no. 23-22.122), the commercial chamber of the Court of Cassation partially censured a decision ordering Uber France to compensate taxi drivers for economic damage resulting from the launch of the ‘UberPop’ service. Economic damage can only be compensated if it is effectively proven. UberPop: a transport service between …

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Sudden termination: the CJEU asked about the contractual or tortious nature of the action

Cass. 1st civ., 2 April 2025, no. 23-11.456 In an important ruling on 2 April 2025, the First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation decided to suspend its decision in a dispute over the sudden termination of established commercial relations, in order to refer a preliminary question to the Court of Justice of the …

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Liability for cartel: need to prove damage

Court of Cassation, Commercial, Financial and Economic Chamber, ruling of 26 February 2025, appeal no. 23-18.599 In a ruling dated 26 February 2025, the commercial chamber of the Court of Cassation confirmed the strict requirement to prove damage resulting from an anti-competitive agreement before the entry into force of Article L481-7 of the Commercial Code. …

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No breach of a non-competition clause in a franchise agreement for preparatory acts

Cass. com., 19 March 2025, no. 23-22.925, published in the Bulletin The commercial chamber of the Court of Cassation clarifies the scope of non-competition clauses in franchise agreements, while sanctioning an error of law committed by the court of appeal on the effects of a judicial liquidation during the proceedings. The facts: franchise in the …

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