Dismissing a director in a french SAS: statutory rules and extra-statutory personal commitments of the partners

Cass. com., 9 July 2025, No. 24-10.428 and No. 23-21.160 The Court of Cassation has clarified in two rulings the limits and links between statutory provisions and extra-statutory commitments regarding the dismissal of directors in french SAS companies. In SAS companies, the articles of association cannot be circumvented – but the partners may enter into …

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Loss of opportunity and the role of the judge: fundamental clarifications from the Plenary Assembly of the Court of Cassation

Judgments of the Plenary Assembly of the Court of Cassation of 27 June 2025 (appeals nos. 22-21.146 and 22-21.812) The Court of Cassation, sitting in plenary session on 27 June 2025, handed down two important decisions (appeals nos. 22-21.146 and 22-21.812), providing decisive clarification on the concept of loss of opportunity and the scope of …

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Judicial determination of the sale price of a business: a clear reminder of the limits of the judge’s power

Cass. com., 4 June 2025, no. 24-11.580 In this ruling, the Court of Cassation clearly emphasises that the judge cannot substitute his assessment for that of the parties when determining the sale price. This decision reaffirms the formal prohibition on judges setting prices and delimits their powers. Pharmacie Girardeaux had entered into a promise to …

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Tortious nature of direct action brought by the sub-purchaser against the manufacturer

In two rulings of 28 May 2025 (No. 23-13.687 and No. 23-20.341), the First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation clarified the legal classification applicable under European private international Law to direct action by the sub-purchaser against the manufacturer of a defective product, affirming the tortious nature of this action in accordance with the Rome II Regulation (No. 864/2007).

Maritime transport: clarification on the carrier’s unit of limitation of liability

Court of Cassation, Commercial, Financial and Economic Chamber, 21 May 2025, appeal no. 24-11.519 This decision of the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation rules on the criteria determining the unit of freight applicable for the limitation of liability of the maritime carrier under the 1924 Brussels Convention. Background and facts The Senegalese company …

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Expertise in the valuation of shares : the appointed expert’s freedom in the valuation of shares

Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, judgment of 7 May 2025, appeal no. 23-24.041 In this ruling of 7 May 2025, the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation clarified the limits of the control that a judge may exercise over the mission of an expert appointed pursuant to Article 1843-4 of the Civil Code for …

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Shareholders action: shareholders have an individual interest even in the event of simultaneous action by the company

Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 7 May 2025, appeal no. 23-15.931 “The shareholders have an individual right to seek compensation for the damage suffered by the company, which is not affected by the company's concurrent action.” The facts In a ruling handed down on 7 May 2025, the Commercial, Financial and Economic Chamber of the …

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A creditor cannot request the appointment of a provisional administrator for its debtor

Cass. com., 7 May 2025, No. 23-20.471 According to the Court of Cassation, a creditor of a company does not have the right to request the appointment of a provisional administrator for that company. The facts Two foreign companies, The Family Fellowship LLP and The Family Global Godfathers SPC, claimed to be creditors of the …

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Jurisdiction clause in the Terms of Use: no French mandatory law for Meta

Cass. 1st civ., 2 April 2025, no. 23-12.384 In a ruling dated 2 April 2025, the Court of Cassation confirmed the effectiveness of a jurisdiction clause included in the terms and conditions of use (TCU) of a professional Instagram account. The Court of Cassation dismissed Article 1171 of the Civil Code, a French protective provision …

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