CJEU: Effective Judicial Review of CAS Awards is required by European Law

In its ruling of 1 August 2025, Case C-600/23, Royal Football Club Seraing, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) established a fundamental principle: courts of the Member States must be able to exercise an effective and thorough judicial review of arbitral awards rendered by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). 1. …

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Conservatory Arrest of Ships: Strict Application of the 1952 Brussels Convention

The French Supreme Court (Cour de cassation) has provided an important clarification on the legal regime governing the conservatory arrest of ships, reaffirming the primacy and strict application of the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to the Arrest of Seagoing ships, signed in Brussels on 10 May 1952. Cour de cassation …

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De Facto Companies and International Jurisdiction: The French Supreme Court Confirms the Jurisdiction of French Courts

Jurisdiction over the dissolution of companies, even when the company is a de facto company without legal personality, falls exclusively within the courts of the Member State where the company has its registered office, as determined under private international law rules.Under French law, in the absence of a statutory seat, one must identify the “real …

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Commercial Lease: Rent uncapping requires only a potential to favor the tenant’s business

A significant change in local commercial factors justifies setting aside rent capping as long as it is likely to have a favorable impact on the tenant’s business activity, without the need to demonstrate an actual, measurable effect on the business carried out. Court of Cassation, 3rd Civil Chamber, September 18, 2025, Appeal No. 24-13.288 The …

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Swiss franc loans: the Court of Cassation reverses its position and tightens transparency requirements for banks!

Cass. civ. 1ère, 9 July 2025, no. 24-19.647 In this ruling of 9 July 2025, the First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation made a significant reversal of case law concerning loans denominated in foreign currencies, particularly Swiss francs, imposing on banks a greater obligation of transparency regarding exchange rate risks throughout the term …

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Dismissing a director in a french SAS: statutory rules and extra-statutory personal commitments of the partners

Cass. com., 9 July 2025, No. 24-10.428 and No. 23-21.160 The Court of Cassation has clarified in two rulings the limits and links between statutory provisions and extra-statutory commitments regarding the dismissal of directors in french SAS companies. In SAS companies, the articles of association cannot be circumvented – but the partners may enter into …

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Loss of opportunity and the role of the judge: fundamental clarifications from the Plenary Assembly of the Court of Cassation

Judgments of the Plenary Assembly of the Court of Cassation of 27 June 2025 (appeals nos. 22-21.146 and 22-21.812) The Court of Cassation, sitting in plenary session on 27 June 2025, handed down two important decisions (appeals nos. 22-21.146 and 22-21.812), providing decisive clarification on the concept of loss of opportunity and the scope of …

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Judicial determination of the sale price of a business: a clear reminder of the limits of the judge’s power

Cass. com., 4 June 2025, no. 24-11.580 In this ruling, the Court of Cassation clearly emphasises that the judge cannot substitute his assessment for that of the parties when determining the sale price. This decision reaffirms the formal prohibition on judges setting prices and delimits their powers. Pharmacie Girardeaux had entered into a promise to …

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Tortious nature of direct action brought by the sub-purchaser against the manufacturer

In two rulings of 28 May 2025 (No. 23-13.687 and No. 23-20.341), the First Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation clarified the legal classification applicable under European private international Law to direct action by the sub-purchaser against the manufacturer of a defective product, affirming the tortious nature of this action in accordance with the Rome II Regulation (No. 864/2007).